C++ Introduction

C++ is a powerful and versatile programming language that is widely used for developing a variety of applications. It was developed as an extension of the C programming language and provides additional features for object-oriented programming.

Here are a few key concepts and examples to help you understand the basics of C++:

1. Hello, World!

Let's start with a classic example: the "Hello, World!" program.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

2. Variables and Data Types

C++ provides several built-in data types, such as integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and booleans. Here's an example that demonstrates the usage of variables and data types:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int age = 25;
    float salary = 2500.50;
    char grade = 'A';
    bool isEmployed = true;

    std::cout << "Age: " << age << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Salary: " << salary << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Grade: " << grade << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Employed: " << isEmployed << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

3. Control Flow

C++ supports various control flow statements, such as if-else, for loops, and while loops. Here's an example that uses a for loop to print numbers from 1 to 10:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
        std::cout << i << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

4. Functions

Functions in C++ allow you to break down your code into smaller, reusable units. Here's an example that defines a function to calculate the factorial of a number:

#include <iostream>

int factorial(int n) {
    if (n == 0)
        return 1;
    else
        return n * factorial(n - 1);
}

int main() {
    int number = 5;
    int result = factorial(number);

    std::cout << "Factorial of " << number << " is " << result << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

These examples provide a glimpse into the world of C++ programming. With C++, you can build complex software systems, develop games, create efficient algorithms, and much more. It's a language that offers both high-level abstractions and low-level control, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.

Remember, practice is key to mastering any programming language. Explore more C++ resources, experiment with code, and keep learning!