C++ Data Types

In C++, data types define the kind of data that variables can store. C++ provides a wide range of data types, including primitive types, user-defined types, and standard library types. Understanding different data types is crucial for proper memory allocation, type safety, and efficient programming. In this article, we will explore some commonly used C++ data types along with examples.

1. Primitive Data Types

C++ provides several primitive data types that represent basic values. Here are a few commonly used primitive data types:

• int: Used for storing whole numbers (integers).
• float: Used for storing floating-point numbers (decimal values).
• char: Used for storing single characters.
• bool: Used for storing boolean values (true or false).

Here's an example that demonstrates the usage of primitive data types:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int age = 25;
    float salary = 2500.50;
    char grade = 'A';
    bool isEmployed = true;

    std::cout << "Age: " << age << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Salary: " << salary << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Grade: " << grade << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Employed: " << isEmployed << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

In the above example, we declare and initialize variables of different primitive data types and then print their values.

2. User-Defined Data Types

C++ allows you to define your own data types using classes and structures. These user-defined types can encapsulate multiple data members and functions. Here's an example of a user-defined class:

#include <iostream>

class Point {
public:
    int x;
    int y;
};

int main() {
    Point p;
    p.x = 5;
    p.y = 10;

    std::cout << "Point coordinates: (" << p.x << ", " << p.y << ")" << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

In the above code, we define a class called Point with two integer data members x and y. We create an object of the Point class and assign values to its data members.

3. Standard Library Data Types

C++ standard library provides additional data types through various classes and templates. One commonly used standard library data type is std::string for handling strings. Here's an example:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::string name = "John Doe";

    std::cout << "Name: " << name << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

In the above code, we use the std::string class from the standard library to store and manipulate a string value.

Understanding different data types in C++ is essential for effective programming. Each data type has its own characteristics and usage scenarios. Choose the appropriate data type based on the requirements of your program to ensure proper data representation and memory utilization.

Experiment with different data types, explore their limitations and capabilities, and use them appropriately in your C++ programs to enhance clarity and efficiency.